_________________________________________________________
US State Dept Narcotics Report 2011 (introduction):
No report available
_________________________________________________________
US State Dept Trafficking in Persons Report 2011 (introduction):
(Tier 2)
Rwanda is a source and, to a lesser extent, destination country for
women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking.
Rwandan girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited in domestic
servitude within the country; some of these children experience
nonpayment of wages or physical or sexual abuse within their employer’s
household. Older females offer vulnerable younger girls room and
board, eventually pushing them into prostitution to pay for their keep. In
limited cases, trafficking is facilitated by women who supply other women
or girls to clients or by loosely organized prostitution networks, some
operating in secondary schools and universities. Brothel owners
reportedly supply girls and young women in prostitution to clients staying
at hotels for conferences. Rwandan children also are recruited and
transported to Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, where they are subjected
to forced agricultural labor, domestic servitude, and child prostitution,
sometimes after being recruited by peers. In 2010, a female Rwandan
trafficking victim was identified in Israel. Small numbers of children from
neighboring countries are victimized in prostitution and forced labor after
being lured to Rwanda.
The Government of Rwanda does not fully comply with the minimum
standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making
significant efforts to do so. During the reporting period, the government
referred sex trafficking victims for protective services, successfully
repatriated several foreign victims, and continued its provision of short-
term care and rehabilitative services to child ex-combatants. Rwanda
remains the only African country in which the government is undertaking
virtually all activities related to the demobilization and reintegration of
former child soldiers, some of whom are trafficking victims. While
government officials are quick to recognize and respond to suspected
cases of transnational child trafficking, some officials reflect a lack of
awareness of internal trafficking and do not believe it is possible, based
on the country’s small size and its effective security measures; however,
the government continues to make the promotion and protection of
women’s and children’s rights a priority. Additional training is needed to
increase officials’ awareness of the nature of human trafficking and to
provide practical skills for responding to it.
For full report click here
_________________________________________________________
US State Dept Terrorism Report 2010
Overview: In 2010, a series of deadly grenade attacks targeted
Rwandans in public areas of Kigali. No one has claimed responsibility.
Armed rebel groups in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC),
including the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR),
continued to pose a threat to Rwanda. The Rwandan government, which
restored official relations with the Government of the DRC in 2009,
increased cooperation and information sharing to combat continuing
mutual threats. The Rwandan government continued to train border
control officials, police, army, and security forces to develop
counterterrorism skills.
2010 Terrorist Incidents: In 2010, there were over 20 reports of grenade
explosions throughout Rwanda, more than half of which were suspected
cases of domestic terrorism. At least 11 grenades were thrown from
motorcycles and exploded in public areas of Kigali where Rwandans
typically congregate, killing six and injuring 47 people. Police arrested
suspects and brought individuals in for questioning, but no suspects
were brought to trial. The Government of Rwanda publicly accused two
former high-ranking Rwandan military officials in South Africa of planning
at least two of the attacks, using the attacks to create fear and
destabilize Rwanda around the 2010 presidential elections.
Legislation and Law Enforcement: The security situation in the eastern
DRC put pressure on Rwanda's western border area, and the Rwandan
government continued to work to improve border control measures.
Countering Terrorist Finance: The Government of Rwanda enacted a
comprehensive law, called the "Prevention and Suppression of Money
Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Act," which established a legal
anti-money laundering/counterterrorist financing framework. The
government was in the process of implementing this law at year’s end.
Regional and International Cooperation: The Rwandan government
sought to strengthen regional cooperation and counter cross-border
threats through increased information sharing with the DRC and with its
neighbors in the East African Community.
_________________________________________________________
Links:
Worldwide AML Legislation (International Bar Association)
US State Dept Narcotics Report 2011 (introduction):
No report available
_________________________________________________________
US State Dept Trafficking in Persons Report 2011 (introduction):
(Tier 2)
Rwanda is a source and, to a lesser extent, destination country for
women and children subjected to forced labor and sex trafficking.
Rwandan girls and, to a lesser extent, boys are exploited in domestic
servitude within the country; some of these children experience
nonpayment of wages or physical or sexual abuse within their employer’s
household. Older females offer vulnerable younger girls room and
board, eventually pushing them into prostitution to pay for their keep. In
limited cases, trafficking is facilitated by women who supply other women
or girls to clients or by loosely organized prostitution networks, some
operating in secondary schools and universities. Brothel owners
reportedly supply girls and young women in prostitution to clients staying
at hotels for conferences. Rwandan children also are recruited and
transported to Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania, where they are subjected
to forced agricultural labor, domestic servitude, and child prostitution,
sometimes after being recruited by peers. In 2010, a female Rwandan
trafficking victim was identified in Israel. Small numbers of children from
neighboring countries are victimized in prostitution and forced labor after
being lured to Rwanda.
The Government of Rwanda does not fully comply with the minimum
standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making
significant efforts to do so. During the reporting period, the government
referred sex trafficking victims for protective services, successfully
repatriated several foreign victims, and continued its provision of short-
term care and rehabilitative services to child ex-combatants. Rwanda
remains the only African country in which the government is undertaking
virtually all activities related to the demobilization and reintegration of
former child soldiers, some of whom are trafficking victims. While
government officials are quick to recognize and respond to suspected
cases of transnational child trafficking, some officials reflect a lack of
awareness of internal trafficking and do not believe it is possible, based
on the country’s small size and its effective security measures; however,
the government continues to make the promotion and protection of
women’s and children’s rights a priority. Additional training is needed to
increase officials’ awareness of the nature of human trafficking and to
provide practical skills for responding to it.
For full report click here
_________________________________________________________
US State Dept Terrorism Report 2010
Overview: In 2010, a series of deadly grenade attacks targeted
Rwandans in public areas of Kigali. No one has claimed responsibility.
Armed rebel groups in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC),
including the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR),
continued to pose a threat to Rwanda. The Rwandan government, which
restored official relations with the Government of the DRC in 2009,
increased cooperation and information sharing to combat continuing
mutual threats. The Rwandan government continued to train border
control officials, police, army, and security forces to develop
counterterrorism skills.
2010 Terrorist Incidents: In 2010, there were over 20 reports of grenade
explosions throughout Rwanda, more than half of which were suspected
cases of domestic terrorism. At least 11 grenades were thrown from
motorcycles and exploded in public areas of Kigali where Rwandans
typically congregate, killing six and injuring 47 people. Police arrested
suspects and brought individuals in for questioning, but no suspects
were brought to trial. The Government of Rwanda publicly accused two
former high-ranking Rwandan military officials in South Africa of planning
at least two of the attacks, using the attacks to create fear and
destabilize Rwanda around the 2010 presidential elections.
Legislation and Law Enforcement: The security situation in the eastern
DRC put pressure on Rwanda's western border area, and the Rwandan
government continued to work to improve border control measures.
Countering Terrorist Finance: The Government of Rwanda enacted a
comprehensive law, called the "Prevention and Suppression of Money
Laundering and Financing of Terrorism Act," which established a legal
anti-money laundering/counterterrorist financing framework. The
government was in the process of implementing this law at year’s end.
Regional and International Cooperation: The Rwandan government
sought to strengthen regional cooperation and counter cross-border
threats through increased information sharing with the DRC and with its
neighbors in the East African Community.
_________________________________________________________
Links:
Worldwide AML Legislation (International Bar Association)
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Sanctions:
The UN initially imposed an arms embargo on Rwanda by
Resolution 918 in May 1994. This resolution was extended by
Resolution 997 in June 1995 and amended by Resolution 1011 in
August 1995. Resolution 1011 provided an exception for
deliveries to UN peace keeping forces and extended the embargo
to include Burundi, Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the
Congo if the arms and related materiel are for use in Rwanda.
The UN has since reaffirmed and reviewed the embargo via
Resolutions 1053 (April 1996) and 1161 (April 1998).
In March 2007, the UN Security Council issued Resolution 1749
which lifted the UN arms embargo on Rwandan non-state actors.
The Resolution also emphasised the need for "states in the
region to ensure that arms and related material delivered to them
are not diverted to or used by illegal armed groups".
On 10 July 2008, the UN adopted Security Council Resolution
1823, lifting the arms embargo on Rwanda.
Although the arms embargo has now been lifted in respect of
Rwanda there is still an embargo in force in respect of military
goods going to Rwanda where there is a clear risk that such
goods will be used in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
For further information please go to the following link: -
http://www.un.org/sc/committees/
____________________________________________________
Offshore Jurisdiction Blacklists:
Information unavailable.
US State Department Money Laundering Report - 2011:
Rwanda is not a major or offshore financial center. Rwanda has a
cash-based economy, and a relatively unsophisticated financial
system with limited use of electronic funds transfers or credit card
transactions. In March 2009, Rwanda approved and published a
comprehensive law on the “Prevention and Suppression of Money
Laundering and Financing of Terrorism.” This law establishes the
legislative framework to adhere to all relevant money laundering
standards. However, this legislation is still in the process of being
implemented and key action elements such as the establishment
of a financial intelligence unit (FIU) are pending. In general,
Rwandan financial enforcement authorities lack the training,
resources and technical expertise to effectively investigate and
enforce laws concerning money laundering and terrorist financing.
DO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ENGAGE IN CURRENCY
TRANSACTIONS RELATED TO INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS
TRAFFICKING THAT INCLUDE SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF US
CURRENCY; CURRENCY DERIVED FROM ILLEGAL SALES IN
THE U.S.; OR THAT OTHERWISE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE
U.S.: NO
CRIMINALIZATION OF MONEY LAUNDERING:
“All serious crimes” approach or “list” approach to predicate
crimes: List approach
Legal persons covered: criminally: YES civilly: YES
CRIMINALIZATION OF TERRORIST FINANCING:
Ability to freeze terrorist assets without delay: YES
UN lists of designated terrorists or terrorist entities distributed to
financial institutions: YES
(Please refer to the Department of State’s Country Reports on
Terrorism, which can be found here: http://www.state.
gov/s/ct/rls/crt/)
KNOW-YOUR-CUSTOMER RULES:
Covered entities: Banks, non-bank financial institutions and
designated non-financial businesses
Enhanced due diligence procedures for PEPs: Foreign: NO
Domestic: NO
SUSPICIOUS TRANSACTION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS:
Covered entities: Banks and non-bank financial institutions
Number of STRs received and time frame: Two in 2010
Number of CTRs received and time frame: Not available
MONEY LAUNDERING CRIMINAL
PROSECUTIONS/CONVICTIONS:
Prosecutions: 0 in 2010
Convictions: 0 in 2010
Assets forfeited: criminally: 0 civilly: 0
RECORDS EXCHANGE MECHANISM:
With U.S.: YES
With other governments/jurisdictions: YES
Rwanda is not a member of a Financial Action Task Force-style
regional body.
ENFORCEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND
COMMENTS:
Reportedly, the Central Bank distributes UN-designated lists of
terrorists to bank and non-bank financial institutions; however, in
practice, this is not always done thoroughly.
All foreign currency transactions in excess of $20,000 are
reported to the Central Bank.
Rwanda’s Law 48/2008 “Prevention and Suppression of Money
Laundering and Financing of Terrorism” published in March 2009,
establishes a comprehensive legislative framework to adhere to
all relevant money laundering standards. However, this legislation
is still in the process of being implemented. The Government of
Rwanda has much work to do in implementing the new rules and
regulations. Training and heightening the awareness of money
laundering methodologies and countermeasures in relevant
departments and agencies involved in border enforcement and
combating financial crimes is essential.
The UN initially imposed an arms embargo on Rwanda by
Resolution 918 in May 1994. This resolution was extended by
Resolution 997 in June 1995 and amended by Resolution 1011 in
August 1995. Resolution 1011 provided an exception for
deliveries to UN peace keeping forces and extended the embargo
to include Burundi, Tanzania and the Democratic Republic of the
Congo if the arms and related materiel are for use in Rwanda.
The UN has since reaffirmed and reviewed the embargo via
Resolutions 1053 (April 1996) and 1161 (April 1998).
In March 2007, the UN Security Council issued Resolution 1749
which lifted the UN arms embargo on Rwandan non-state actors.
The Resolution also emphasised the need for "states in the
region to ensure that arms and related material delivered to them
are not diverted to or used by illegal armed groups".
On 10 July 2008, the UN adopted Security Council Resolution
1823, lifting the arms embargo on Rwanda.
Although the arms embargo has now been lifted in respect of
Rwanda there is still an embargo in force in respect of military
goods going to Rwanda where there is a clear risk that such
goods will be used in the Democratic Republic of Congo.
For further information please go to the following link: -
http://www.un.org/sc/committees/
____________________________________________________
Offshore Jurisdiction Blacklists:
Information unavailable.
US State Department Money Laundering Report - 2011:
Rwanda is not a major or offshore financial center. Rwanda has a
cash-based economy, and a relatively unsophisticated financial
system with limited use of electronic funds transfers or credit card
transactions. In March 2009, Rwanda approved and published a
comprehensive law on the “Prevention and Suppression of Money
Laundering and Financing of Terrorism.” This law establishes the
legislative framework to adhere to all relevant money laundering
standards. However, this legislation is still in the process of being
implemented and key action elements such as the establishment
of a financial intelligence unit (FIU) are pending. In general,
Rwandan financial enforcement authorities lack the training,
resources and technical expertise to effectively investigate and
enforce laws concerning money laundering and terrorist financing.
DO FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ENGAGE IN CURRENCY
TRANSACTIONS RELATED TO INTERNATIONAL NARCOTICS
TRAFFICKING THAT INCLUDE SIGNIFICANT AMOUNTS OF US
CURRENCY; CURRENCY DERIVED FROM ILLEGAL SALES IN
THE U.S.; OR THAT OTHERWISE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECT THE
U.S.: NO
CRIMINALIZATION OF MONEY LAUNDERING:
“All serious crimes” approach or “list” approach to predicate
crimes: List approach
Legal persons covered: criminally: YES civilly: YES
CRIMINALIZATION OF TERRORIST FINANCING:
Ability to freeze terrorist assets without delay: YES
UN lists of designated terrorists or terrorist entities distributed to
financial institutions: YES
(Please refer to the Department of State’s Country Reports on
Terrorism, which can be found here: http://www.state.
gov/s/ct/rls/crt/)
KNOW-YOUR-CUSTOMER RULES:
Covered entities: Banks, non-bank financial institutions and
designated non-financial businesses
Enhanced due diligence procedures for PEPs: Foreign: NO
Domestic: NO
SUSPICIOUS TRANSACTION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS:
Covered entities: Banks and non-bank financial institutions
Number of STRs received and time frame: Two in 2010
Number of CTRs received and time frame: Not available
MONEY LAUNDERING CRIMINAL
PROSECUTIONS/CONVICTIONS:
Prosecutions: 0 in 2010
Convictions: 0 in 2010
Assets forfeited: criminally: 0 civilly: 0
RECORDS EXCHANGE MECHANISM:
With U.S.: YES
With other governments/jurisdictions: YES
Rwanda is not a member of a Financial Action Task Force-style
regional body.
ENFORCEMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES AND
COMMENTS:
Reportedly, the Central Bank distributes UN-designated lists of
terrorists to bank and non-bank financial institutions; however, in
practice, this is not always done thoroughly.
All foreign currency transactions in excess of $20,000 are
reported to the Central Bank.
Rwanda’s Law 48/2008 “Prevention and Suppression of Money
Laundering and Financing of Terrorism” published in March 2009,
establishes a comprehensive legislative framework to adhere to
all relevant money laundering standards. However, this legislation
is still in the process of being implemented. The Government of
Rwanda has much work to do in implementing the new rules and
regulations. Training and heightening the awareness of money
laundering methodologies and countermeasures in relevant
departments and agencies involved in border enforcement and
combating financial crimes is essential.
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| RWANDA |
| KnowYourCountry |
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| Last Updated: 16 April 2012 |