Iran, Islamic Republic of Country Summary

FATF Status

Iran is subject to a FATF call on its members and other jurisdictions to apply enhanced due diligence measures proportionate to the risks arising from the jurisdiction.

Latest FATF Statement - 21 February 2025

In June 2016, Iran committed to address its strategic deficiencies. Iran’s action plan expired in January 2018. In February 2020, the FATF noted Iran has not completed the action plan.[1]

In October 2019, the FATF called upon its members and urged all jurisdictions to: require increased supervisory examination for branches and subsidiaries of financial institutions based in Iran; introduce enhanced relevant reporting mechanisms or systematic reporting of financial transactions; and require increased external audit requirements for financial groups with respect to any of their branches and subsidiaries located in Iran.

Now, given Iran’s failure to enact the Palermo and Terrorist Financing Conventions in line with the FATF Standards, the FATF fully lifts the suspension of countermeasures and calls on its members and urges all jurisdictions to apply effective countermeasures, in line with Recommendation 19.[2]

Iran will remain on the FATF statement on High Risk Jurisdictions Subject to a Call for Action until the full Action Plan has been completed. If Iran ratifies the Palermo and Terrorist Financing Conventions, in line with the FATF standards, the FATF will decide on next steps, including whether to suspend countermeasures. Until Iran implements the measures required to address the deficiencies identified with respect to countering terrorism-financing in the Action Plan, the FATF will remain concerned with the terrorist financing risk emanating from Iran and the threat this poses to the international financial system.

[1] In June 2016, the FATF welcomed Iran’s high-level political commitment to address its strategic AML/CFT deficiencies, and its decision to seek technical assistance in the implementation of the Action Plan. Since 2016, Iran established a cash declaration regime, enacted amendments to its Counter-Terrorist Financing Act and its Anti-Money Laundering Act, and adopted an AML by-law.

In February 2020, the FATF noted that there are still items not completed and Iran should fully address: (1) adequately criminalizing terrorist financing, including by removing the exemption for designated groups “attempting to end foreign occupation, colonialism and racism”; (2) identifying and freezing terrorist assets in line with the relevant United Nations Security Council resolutions; (3) ensuring an adequate and enforceable customer due diligence regime; (4) demonstrating how authorities are identifying and sanctioning unlicensed money/value transfer service providers; (5) ratifying and implementing the Palermo and TF Conventions and clarifying the capability to provide mutual legal assistance; and (6) ensuring that financial institutions verify that wire transfers contain complete originator and beneficiary information.

[2] Countries should be able to apply appropriate countermeasures when called upon to do so by the FATF. Countries should also be able to apply countermeasures independently of any call by the FATF to do so. Such countermeasures should be effective and proportionate to the risks.

The Interpretative Note to Recommendation 19 specifies examples of the countermeasures that could be undertaken by countries.

European Commission list of countries with strategic deficiencies in their AML/CFT regimes

Iran is on the EU Commission list of high risk countries.

Compliance with FATF Recommendations

Iran has not yet undertaken a Mutual Evaluation Report relating to the implementation of anti-money laundering and counter-terrorist financing standards.

Iran faces significant challenges with various criminal markets, including widespread human trafficking, a robust illicit drug trade, and pervasive financial crimes. The Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps and criminal networks are key players in these activities, often operating with minimal oversight due to a fragmented judicial system and politicized anti-corruption efforts. Additionally, the government's heavy control over the economy and restrictions on civil society further complicate efforts to combat organized crime and protect victims.

Iran has a mixed economy with significant state ownership, especially in the oil sector, which plays a crucial role in its GDP. It ranks as the 19th largest economy in the world by purchasing power parity, heavily relying on its vast hydrocarbon resources, yet faces challenges such as high inflation and international sanctions that complicate its economic landscape.

The investment climate in Iran is hindered by state control, economic sanctions, and regulatory challenges, which significantly deter foreign investment. Despite government efforts to implement reforms aimed at privatization and attract foreign capital, particularly in tourism and technology, investor uncertainty remains high due to ongoing geopolitical tensions and economic instability.