Guinea Bissau Medium-High Risk medium_high GW Guinea-Bissau’s history reflects successive layers of regional and colonial influence, from the Mali Empire and Kaabu Kingdom to Portugal’s gradual…
Guyana Medium Risk medium GY Guyana’s history reflects Dutch and British colonial rule, emancipation, Indian indentureship, and an enduring ethnocultural divide that has shaped its turbulent…
Haiti Higher Risk higher HT Haiti’s history reflects a profound transformation from the French colony of Saint-Domingue to the world’s first country led by formerly enslaved people after independence…
Honduras Medium Risk medium HN Honduras, independent since 1821, moved from prolonged military rule to elected civilian government in 1982 and later endured the devastating effects of Hurricane…
Hong Kong Medium Risk medium HK Hong Kong’s modern status traces back to its seizure by the UK in 1841, the later incorporation of Kowloon and the New Territories, and its establishment as the Hong…
Hungary Medium-Low Risk medium_low HU Hungary’s modern trajectory runs from its Christian foundation in A.D. 1000 and centuries as a barrier to Ottoman expansion through Austro-Hungarian rule,…
Iceland Lower Risk lower IS Iceland emerged from Norwegian and Celtic settlement in the late ninth and tenth centuries and is home to the Althingi, established in 930 and recognized as the world’s…
India Medium Risk medium IN India’s long history reaches from the Indus Valley civilization through the Maurya and Gupta eras, the spread of Islam, and the Mughal Dynasty before European and British…
Indonesia Medium Risk medium ID Indonesia’s history spans Buddhist and Hindu kingdoms, the gradual spread of Islam, European colonial rule, Japanese occupation, and a difficult transition to…
Iran, Islamic Republic of Higher Risk higher IR Iran’s modern political order emerged from the 1979 revolution, replacing the Pahlavi monarchy with a clerical system in which the Supreme Leader holds…
