Iraq Higher Risk higher IQ Iraq’s modern history has been shaped by the end of Ottoman and British rule, successive periods of strongman governance, and major conflicts involving Iran, Kuwait, and…
Ireland Medium-Low Risk medium_low IE Ireland’s history reflects layers of Celtic, Norse, Norman, and Anglo-Irish influence, followed by famine-driven population loss and a later emergence as one of…
Isle Of Man Medium-Low Risk medium_low IM The Isle of Man’s history reflects successive links to the Norwegian Kingdom of the Hebrides, Scotland, and English lordship before its purchase by the…
Israel Medium-Low Risk medium_low IL Established in 1948 following the UN General Assembly’s partition proposal, Israel developed amid successive wars, territorial changes, refugee-driven population…
Italy Medium-Low Risk medium_low IT Italy emerged as a unified nation-state under Victor Emmanuel II in 1861, later passing through Fascist dictatorship, wartime defeat, and the establishment of a…
Jamaica Medium-Low Risk medium_low JM Jamaica’s history spans Indigenous Taino society, Spanish and British rule, plantation agriculture, emancipation, and a gradual transition to independence in…
Japan Medium-Low Risk medium_low JP Japan’s modern trajectory runs from Tokugawa-era stability and isolation to rapid industrialization after the 1854 Treaty of Kanagawa, followed by regional…
Jersey Medium-Low Risk medium_low JE Jersey and the wider Channel Islands are historic remnants of the medieval Duchy of Normandy and the only British territory occupied by Germany during the Second…
Jordan Medium-Low Risk medium_low JO Jordan emerged from the post–World War I reshaping of the Middle East, when Britain established Transjordan in 1921 and recognized ABDALLAH I of the Hashemite…
