Cyprus Medium-Low Risk medium_low CY Cyprus emerged from British colonial rule as an independent state in 1960, but relations between its Greek and Turkish communities soon deteriorated, prompting UN…
Czech Republic Medium-Low Risk medium_low CZ Czechia emerged from the peaceful 1993 “velvet divorce” that followed Czechoslovakia’s return to democratic rule after the 1989 Velvet Revolution. Its…
Democratic Republic of the Congo Higher Risk higher CD The Democratic Republic of the Congo is shaped by extraordinary ethnic and political diversity, with historic kingdoms such as Kongo, Luba, and…
Denmark Lower Risk lower DK Denmark has moved from its Viking-era origins and historical role as a northern European power into a modern, prosperous state closely integrated with Europe. Its…
Djibouti Medium Risk medium DJ Djibouti’s history has been shaped by its position along trade routes linking Africa and the Middle East, as well as by the longstanding presence of Afar and Issa…
Dominica Medium-Low Risk medium_low DM Dominica’s history reflects a long period of resistance to European colonization, followed by French and British rule, gradual political participation, and…
Dominican Republic Medium-Low Risk medium_low DO The Dominican Republic’s history reflects the layered legacies of Taino societies, Spanish and French colonial rule, Haitian occupation, and repeated…
Ecuador Medium Risk medium EC Ecuador’s modern identity emerged from Quito’s role in the northern Inca Empire, Spanish colonial administration, and the eventual dissolution of Gran Colombia in 1830.…
Egypt Medium-Low Risk medium_low EG Egypt’s history has been shaped by the Nile, successive empires, and its pivotal position at the Suez Canal, while modern development continues to contend with…
El Salvador Medium-Low Risk medium_low SV El Salvador’s modern history includes independence from Spain in 1821, separation from the Central American Federation in 1839, and a 12-year civil war that…
