Croatia Medium-Low Risk medium_low HR Croatia’s modern identity reflects successive periods within the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Yugoslavia, and the difficult path to independence declared in 1991.…
Cuba Medium Risk medium CU Cuba’s modern history was shaped by Spanish colonial rule, plantation slavery, and the independence struggle that culminated in the 1898 Treaty of Paris and the…
Curacao Medium Risk medium CW Curaçao’s history reflects successive waves of Indigenous settlement, Spanish control, Dutch rule, and a pivotal role in the Caribbean slave trade. The island’s economic…
Cyprus Medium-Low Risk medium_low CY Cyprus emerged from British colonial rule as an independent state in 1960, but relations between its Greek and Turkish communities soon deteriorated, prompting UN…
Czech Republic Medium-Low Risk medium_low CZ Czechia emerged from the peaceful 1993 “velvet divorce” that followed Czechoslovakia’s return to democratic rule after the 1989 Velvet Revolution. Its…
Democratic Republic of the Congo Higher Risk higher CD The Democratic Republic of the Congo is shaped by extraordinary ethnic and political diversity, with historic kingdoms such as Kongo, Luba, and…
Denmark Lower Risk lower DK Denmark has moved from its Viking-era origins and historical role as a northern European power into a modern, prosperous state closely integrated with Europe. Its…
Djibouti Medium Risk medium DJ Djibouti’s history has been shaped by its position along trade routes linking Africa and the Middle East, as well as by the longstanding presence of Afar and Issa…
Dominica Medium-Low Risk medium_low DM Dominica’s history reflects a long period of resistance to European colonization, followed by French and British rule, gradual political participation, and…
Dominican Republic Medium-Low Risk medium_low DO The Dominican Republic’s history reflects the layered legacies of Taino societies, Spanish and French colonial rule, Haitian occupation, and repeated…
