Austria Medium-Low Risk medium_low AT Once the center of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, Austria became a small republic after World War I and endured annexation, Allied occupation, and a decade of…
Azerbaijan Medium-Low Risk medium_low AZ Azerbaijan is a secular, majority-Turkic and majority-Shia Muslim state whose modern identity was shaped by a brief period of independence, seven decades in…
Bahamas Medium-Low Risk medium_low BS The Bahamas’ history stretches from Lucayan settlement and British colonization to independence from the United Kingdom in 1973, with piracy once flourishing…
Bahrain Medium-Low Risk medium_low BH Bahrain’s modern political identity reflects the long rule of the Sunni Al-Khalifa family, nineteenth-century treaties with the United Kingdom, and independence…
Bangladesh Medium-Low Risk medium_low BD Bangladesh emerged from the historic Bengal delta through a complex succession of regional, imperial, and colonial influences before becoming East Pakistan…
Barbados Medium Risk medium BB Barbados evolved from a British settlement shaped by enslaved African labor and sugar cultivation into an independent Caribbean state with a more diversified economy.…
Belarus Medium Risk medium BY Belarus emerged from the dissolution of the USSR in 1991 while maintaining unusually close political and economic ties with Russia, including a 1999 framework for a…
Belgium Medium-Low Risk medium_low BE Belgium emerged as an independent state in 1830 and developed into a technologically advanced European democracy with a prominent role in NATO and the EU. Its…
Belize Medium-Low Risk medium_low BZ Belize’s history reaches from the era of Mayan city states through competing British and Spanish claims and its period as British Honduras. Independence in 1981…
Benin Medium Risk medium BJ Benin’s history reflects a complex blend of migrations, ethnic communities, and powerful regional traditions, including the rise of Dahomey around Abomey and its…
